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M94A1881.TXT
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Document 1881
DOCN M94A1881
TI Ultrasensitive detection of HIV and other retroviruses in plasma by a
novel test for reverse transcriptase (RT).
DT 9412
AU Schupbach J; Pyra H; Boni J; Swiss National Center for Retroviruses,
Swiss Federal Office of; Public Health, Zurich.
SO Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):43 (abstract no. 147B). Unique
Identifier : AIDSLINE ICA10/94370694
AB OBJECTIVE: The retrovirus safety of blood products is of vital interest.
The ultimate goal is a test that detects all infectious retroviruses at
the highest sensitivity and specificity. The fact that infectivity of a
retrovirus particle depends on the presence of an enzymatically active
RT offers a rational to achieve this goal. METHODS: Human plasma samples
were tested blinded and in duplicate for particle-associated RT with the
new Product-Enhanced Reverse Transcriptase (PERT) assay (Pyra et al,
PNAS 1994;91:1544-8). This universal screening test for retroviruses
detects as little as 10(-9) unit of recombinant MuLV RT, which
corresponds to approx. 2 x 10(2) molecules or an estimated 3 to 11
virions. RESULTS: In direct comparison using serial dilutions of
HIV-1-positive materials the PERT assay was as sensitive as RNA-PCR. All
of 30 plasma samples from HIV-1 infected patients (10 each stage II,
III, IV) were positive. HIV-2 and HTLV-1 were also detected in plasma.
Results of PERT assay and RNA PCR were quantitatively correlated. Of 160
unselected Zurich blood donors 159 were negative. The positive donor had
presented for 3 y with a slightly elevated liver enzyme (ALT), but had
always been negative by all other blood bank tests including hepatitis
virus serology. Another donor of a different series with a
borderline-positive HIV screening test and antibodies to HIV-1 p24, but
no full seroconversion, for 3 y was also highly positive. Both donors
were negative for HIV or HTLV by DNA and RNA PCR, but PERT activity
indicated 10(4)-10(5) particles/ml plasma. 0 of 222 plasma from cancers,
autoimmune or allergic diseases was positive, but 6 of 25 with
indeterminate HIV or HTLV Western blots results were. DISCUSSION AND
CONCLUSIONS: The PERT assay is highly specific, as sensitive as RNA PCR,
and detects all infectious retroviruses. The finding of 0.6% positives
points to a prevalence of 0.016-3.4% (95% CI) of particle-associated RT
in unselected Zurich blood donors. The 24% positives in indeterminate
Western blots suggest true retrovirus infection in some of such
indeterminates. Identification of these agents is urgently needed.
DE Blood Donors Comparative Study Human HIV
Infections/DIAGNOSIS/MICROBIOLOGY HIV-1/*ENZYMOLOGY/GENETICS/*ISOLATION
& PURIF HIV-2/ENZYMOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIF HTLV-I/ENZYMOLOGY/ISOLATION
& PURIF Polymerase Chain Reaction/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA
Retroviridae/*ENZYMOLOGY/*ISOLATION & PURIF Retroviridae
Infections/DIAGNOSIS/MICROBIOLOGY Reverse Transcriptase/*BLOOD
Sensitivity and Specificity Switzerland Viremia/MICROBIOLOGY
Virology/*METHODS/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).